Sarah J. Maas - Szklany tron 03 - Dziedzictwo ognia(1).pdf

6DUDK - 0DDV '=,('=,&7:2 2*1,$ SU]H‫ג‬R९\‫ג‬ 0DUFLQ 0RUWND

7\WX‫ג‬ RU\JLQD‫ג‬X +HLU RI )LUH 7H[W FRS\ULJKW ‹  E\ 6DUDK - 0DDV 0DS FRS\ULJKW ‹  E\ .HOO\ GH *URRW &RYHU LOOXVWUDWLRQ ‹ $OH[ 7DLQL &RS\ULJKW IRU WKH 3ROLVK HGLWLRQ ‹ E\ *UXSD :\GDZQLF]D )RNVDO 00;9 &RS\ULJKW ‹ IRU WKH 3ROLVK WUDQVODWLRQ E\ 0DUFLQ 0RUWND :DUV]DZD 00;9 :\GDQLH , :DUV]DZD 00;9

6SLV WUH޿FL 'HG\NDFMD 0DSD &]̯޿ɝ SLHUZV]D ']LHG]LFWZR SRSLR‫ג‬yZ                  

                 &]̯޿ɝ GUXJD ']LHG]LFWZR RJQLD      

                       

  

3R UD] NROHMQ\ FKFLD‫ג‬DP ]DGHG\NRZDɝ SRZLH޿ɝ 6XVDQLH ']L̯NL 7ZHM SU]\MD१QL PRMH ९\FLH VWD‫ג‬R VL̯ OHSV]H D NVLı९ND ]\VND‫ג‬D SUDZG]LZH VHUFH

&]̯޿ɝ SLHUZV]D ']LHG]LFWZR SRSLR‫ג‬yZ

:L̯FHM QD ZZZHERRNDOOSO  1D ERJyZ Z WHM ९D‫ג‬RVQHM LPLWDFML NUyOHVWZD MHVW SLHNLHOQLH JRUıFR µ ² SRP\޿OD‫ג‬D &HODHQD 6DUGRWKLHQ $ PR९H WDN MHM VL̯ W\ONR Z\GDZD‫ג‬R SRQLHZD९ RG UDQD OH९D‫ג‬D QD VNUDMX GDFKX ] WHUDNRW\ RV‫ג‬DQLDMıF RF]\ UDPLHQLHP L SRZROL SUD९ıF VL̯ Z V‫ג‬R‫ئ‬FX QLF]\P ERFKHQNL S‫ג‬DVNLHJR FKOHED NWyUH PLHMVFRZD ELHGRWD XN‫ג‬DGD‫ג‬D QD SDUDSHWDFK JG\९ QLNRJR QLH E\‫ג‬R VWDɝ QD SLHF ] FHJ‫\ג‬ &KOHE QD]\ZD‫ג‬ VL̯ WHJJ\D L G]LHZF]\QD PLD‫ג‬D JR GRV\ɝ 1LHQDZLG]L‫ג‬D VPDNX WHJR FKUXSNLHJR F]RVQNRZHJR SLHF]\ZD NWyUHJR QLH PyJ‫ג‬ XVXQıɝ ] SRGQLHELHQLD QDZHW NXEHN ZRG\ 0DU]\‫ג‬D DE\ MX९ QLJG\ Z ९\FLX QLH PXVLHɝ JR MH޿ɝ =DSHZQH F]X‫ג‬D WDN SRQLHZD९ RG FKZLOL SU]\E\FLD GR :HQGO\Q GZD W\JRGQLH WHPX QD QLF LQQHJR QLH E\‫ג‬R MHM VWDɝ =JRGQLH ] UR]ND]HP -HJR .UyOHZVNLHM 0R޿FL :‫ג‬DGF\ &D‫ג‬HM =LHPL NUyOD $GDUODQX GRWDU‫ג‬D GR VWROLF\ NUyOHVWZD ]ZDQHM 9DUHVH D JG\ VNR‫ئ‬F]\‫\ג‬ MHM VL̯ SLHQLıG]H PXVLD‫ג‬D XFLHNDɝ VL̯ GR NUDG]LH९\ FKOHENyZ WHJJ\D L ZLQD ] ZR]yZ NXSLHFNLFK 3RGM̯‫ג‬D WDNı GHF\]M̯ SR W\P MDN SU]\MU]D‫ג‬D VL̯ XIRUW\ILNRZDQHPX ]DPF]\VNX ]QDNRPLFLH Z\V]NRORQ\P VWUD९QLNRP NREDOWRZ\P SURSRUFRP SRZLHZDMıF\P ] GXPı QD VXFK\P JRUıF\P ZLHWU]H L X]QD‫ג‬D ९H QLH ]DELMH Z\]QDF]RQ\FK MHM RVyE 2G WHM SRU\ NUDG‫ג‬D WHJJ\D RUD]« ZLQR %\‫ג‬R WR NZD޿QH F]HUZRQH ZLQR SRFKRG]ıFH ] ZLQQLF FLıJQıF\FK VL̯ Z]G‫ג‬X९ ‫ג‬DJRGQ\FK QLHZ\VRNLFK Z]JyU] Z\UDVWDMıF\FK ZRNy‫ג‬ VWROLF\ = SRF]ıWNX QLH PRJ‫ג‬D JR SU]H‫ג‬NQıɝ DOH REHFQLH EDUG]R MHM VPDNRZD‫ג‬R 7\P EDUG]LHM ९H RG G‫ג‬X९V]HJR F]DVX L WDN QD QLF]\P MHM QLH ]DOH९D‫ג‬R :\FLıJQ̯‫ג‬D U̯N̯ V]XNDMıF JOLQLDQHJR G]EDQD NWyU\ ]DEUD‫ג‬D ]H VREı QD GDFK DOH MHM G‫ג‬R‫ئ‬ QDWUDIL‫ג‬D QD SXVWN̯ =DNO̯‫ג‬D &R VL̯ X OLFKD VWD‫ג‬R ] ZLQHP" ߘZLDW JZD‫ג‬WRZQLH SU]HFK\OL‫ג‬ VL̯ L UR]E‫\ג‬VQı‫ג‬ W\VLıFHP JZLD]G JG\ SU]HZUyFL‫ג‬D VL̯ QD SOHF\ :\VRNR QDG QLı NUı९\‫\ג‬ SWDNL XWU]\PXMıFH QDOH९\W\ G\VWDQV RG MDVWU]̯ELD NWyU\ RG VDPHJR UDQD VLHG]LD‫ג‬ QD F]XENX SREOLVNLHJR NRPLQD F]HNDMıF QD NROHMQı ]GRE\F] 3RQL९HM XOLFH WDUJRZH W̯WQL‫\ג‬ ९\FLHP R޿OHSLD‫\ג‬ NRORUDPL L RJ‫ג‬XV]D‫\ג‬ ZU]DZı &HODHQD ZLG]LD‫ג‬D U\F]ıFH RV‫\ג‬ NXSFyZ ]DFKZDODMıF\FK WRZDU\ XEUDQLD ² ]DUyZQR ]DPRUVNLH MDN L GREU]H MHM ]QDQH ZR]\ WRF]ıFH VL̯ ] WXUNRWHP SR EUXNX $OH JG]LH E\‫ג‬ MHM« 2 WXWDM ']EDQ VWD‫ג‬ VFKRZDQ\ ]D FL̯९Nı F]HUZRQı GDFKyZNı WDN E\ ZLQR VL̯ QLH ]DJU]D‫ג‬R =DEyMF]\QL XVWDZL‫ג‬D JR WDP NLOND JRG]LQ WHPX JG\ ZVSL̯‫ג‬D VL̯ QD GDFK DE\ SU]\MU]Hɝ VL̯ PXURP ]DPNRZ\P 3U]\QDMPQLHM WDNL PLD‫ג‬D ]DPLDU QLP X޿ZLDGRPL‫ג‬D VRELH ९H

R ZLHOH EDUG]LHM ZROD‫ג‬DE\ ]JXELɝ VL̯ Z޿UyG FLHQL &LHQL NWyUH ]Gı९\‫\ג‬ VL̯ MX९ ]QDF]QLH Z\G‫ג‬X९\ɝ RG NLHG\ ]RVWD‫\ג‬ Z\SDORQH SU]H] EH]OLWRVQH V‫ג‬R‫ئ‬FH :HQGO\Q :V]HONLH DPELWQH ]DPLDU\ V]\ENR QLN‫\ג‬ Z WDNLHM WHPSHUDWXU]H &HODHQD VSUyERZD‫ג‬D SRFLıJQıɝ ] G]EDQD DOH X޿ZLDGRPL‫ג‬D VRELH ९H E\‫ג‬ SXVW\ , FD‫ג‬H V]F]̯޿FLH ER MX९ NU̯FL‫ג‬R MHM VL̯ Z J‫ג‬RZLH 3RWU]HERZD‫ג‬D ZRG\ L ZL̯FHM WHJJ\D 3U]\GD‫ג‬RE\ VL̯ WH९ FR޿ QD REROD‫ג‬ı UR]ELWı ZDUJ̯ L RWDUWı NR޿ɝ SROLF]NRZı ² SDPLıWN̯ SR ZL]\FLH Z MHGQHM ] PLHMVNLFK WDZHUQ ZF]RUDM Z QRF\ ']LHZF]\QD ] M̯NLHP SU]HZUyFL‫ג‬D VL̯ QD EU]XFK L SU]\MU]D‫ג‬D XOLFRP ]QDMGXMıF\P VL̯ NLONDQD޿FLH PHWUyZ SRG QLı :LHG]LD‫ג‬D ९H Vı SDWURORZDQH SU]H] VWUD९ 5R]SR]QDZD‫ג‬D MX९ ९R‫ג‬QLHU]\ L E\‫ג‬D RSDWU]RQD ] LFK X]EURMHQLHP 3R]QD‫ג‬D UXW\Q̯ VWUD९\ RUD] PHFKDQL]P RWZLHUDQLD WU]HFK RJURPQ\FK EUDP SURZDG]ıF\FK GR ]DPNX :\JOıGD‫ג‬R QD WR ९H UyG $VKU\YHUyZ SRGFKRG]L‫ג‬ GR NZHVWLL EH]SLHF]H‫ئ‬VWZD EDUG]R EDUG]R SRZD९QLH 0LQ̯‫ג‬R MX९ G]LHVL̯ɝ GQL RG SU]\E\FLD G]LHZF]\Q\ GR 9DUHVH 3RGUy९RZD‫ג‬D Z SR޿SLHFKX FKRɝ QLH PLD‫ג‬D RFKRW\ ]DELMDɝ Z\]QDF]RQ\FK MHM RILDU 0LDVWR E\‫ג‬R SU]HRJURPQH ZL̯F &HODHQD X]QD‫ג‬D ९H WDN SRVSLHV]QD SRGUy९ WR QDMOHSV]\ VSRVyE QD XQLNQL̯FLH VSRWNDQLD ] XU]̯GQLNDPL LPLJUDF\MQ\PL :ROD‫ג‬D Z\PNQıɝ VL̯ LP DQL९HOL ]RVWDɝ ZFLHORQı GR WXWHMV]HJR SU]HZVSDQLD‫ג‬HJR V\VWHPX SUDF\ 3R]D W\P SR G‫ג‬XJLFK W\JRGQLDFK VS̯G]RQ\FK QD PRU]X JG]LH PRJ‫ג‬D MHG\QLH OH९Hɝ QD ZıVNLHM NRL EıG१ ] QLHPDO९H UHOLJLMQ\P ]DSD‫ג‬HP RVWU]\ɝ EUR‫ئ‬ SRWU]HERZD‫ג‬D MDNLHJR޿ XUR]PDLFHQLD Å-HVWH޿ WFKyU]HP 7\ONR L Z\‫ג‬ıF]QLH WFKyU]HPµ ² SRZLHG]LD‫ג‬D GR QLHM 1HKHPLD 6‫ג‬RZD WH UR]EU]PLHZD‫\ג‬ Z ND९G\P ]JU]\WQL̯FLX RVH‫ג‬NL L ZORN‫\ג‬ VL̯ ]D QLı SU]H] ZV]\VWNLH PLOH PRUVNLH 7FKyU] WFKyU] WFKyU] &HODHQD SRSU]\VL̯J‫ג‬D ९H Z\]ZROL (\OOZH : FKZLODFK UR]SDF]\ ९DOX RUD] Z޿FLHN‫ג‬R޿FL JG\ RGVXQ̯‫ג‬D QD ERN UR]P\޿ODQLD QD WHPDW &KDROD .OXF]\ :\UGD L ZV]\VWNLHJR FR SRU]XFL‫ג‬D L VWUDFL‫ג‬D ]GR‫ג‬D‫ג‬D X‫ג‬R९\ɝ SODQ G]LD‫ג‬DQLD %\‫ג‬ RQ QLHSUDZGRSRGREQ\ L ZU̯F] V]DORQ\ DOH PLD‫ג‬ QD FHOX ]ZUyFHQLH ZROQR޿FL ]QLHZRORQHPX NUyOHVWZX ']LHZF]\QD SUDJQ̯‫ג‬D RGQDOH१ɝ L ]QLV]F]\ɝ .OXF]H :\UGD ] NWyU\FK SRPRF\ VNRU]\VWD‫ג‬ NUyO $GDUODQX EXGXMıF VZH SU]HNO̯WH LPSHULXP %\‫ג‬D JRWRZD SR޿ZL̯FLɝ Z‫ג‬DVQH ९\FLH DE\ ]UHDOL]RZDɝ WHQ FHO 2QD MHGQD SU]HFLZNR NUyORZL 7DN WR SRZLQQR Z\JOıGDɝ 1LNW RSUyF] QLHM QLH PR९H ]QDOH१ɝ VL̯ Z QLHEH]SLHF]H‫ئ‬VWZLH QLNW QLH PR९H XFLHUSLHɝ RSUyF] QLHM VDPHM 7\ONR SRWZyU PyJ‫ג‬ ]QLV]F]\ɝ LQQHJR SRWZRUD 6NRUR MX९ ]QDOD]‫ג‬D VL̯ WXWDM ]D VSUDZı &KDROD NWyU\ FKFLD‫ג‬ GOD QLHM GREU]H DOH SRSH‫ג‬QL‫ג‬ E‫ג‬ıG SU]\QDMPQLHM PRJ‫ג‬D ]GRE\ɝ RGSRZLHG]L QD QXUWXMıFH Mı S\WDQLD : FD‫ג‬HM (ULOHL ९\‫ג‬D W\ONR MHGQD RVRED WDN VWDUD MDN .OXF]H :\UGD %\‫\ג‬ RQH G]LH‫ג‬HP ZRMRZQLF]HM UDV\ GHPRQyZ NWyUD QDGD‫ג‬D W\P WU]HP SU]HGPLRWRP WDN ZLHONı PRF ९H XNU\ZDQR MH RG W\VL̯F\ ODW L QLHPDO९H Z\PD]DQR ] OXG]NLHM SDPL̯FL 2VREı Wı E\‫ג‬D NUyORZD 0DHYH Z‫ג‬DGF]\QL LVWRW )DH

0DHYH ZLHG]LD‫ג‬D R ZV]\VWNLP L QLH E\‫ג‬R VL̯ F]HPX G]LZLɝ ² VWıSD‫ג‬D SR ]LHPL RG ]DUDQLD G]LHMyZ 3LHUZV]\P HOHPHQWHP QLHPıGUHJR LGLRW\F]QHJR SODQX &HODHQ\ E\‫ג‬R ZL̯F RGQDOH]LHQLH 0DHYH ]GRE\FLH ZLHG]\ R VSRVREDFK ]QLV]F]HQLD .OXF]\ :\UGD L SRZUyW GR $GDUODQX 3U]\QDMPQLHM W\OH PRJ‫ג‬D ]URELɝ GOD 1HKHPLL L« L GOD ZLHOX LQQ\FK OXG]L : QLHM VDPHM ]LD‫ג‬D ERZLHP SXVWND 3R]RVWD‫\ג‬ MHG\QLH SRSLR‫\ג‬ F]HOX޿ɝ L ९HOD]QD SU]\VL̯JD Z\U\WD Z MHM VHUFX SU]\VL̯JD ]‫ג‬R९RQD SU]\MDFLy‫ג‬FH NWyUD QDSUDZG̯ GREU]H Mı ]QD‫ג‬D *G\ VWDWHN ZV]HG‫ג‬ GR QDMZL̯NV]HJR SRUWX :HQGO\Q ]DEyMF]\QL ] SRG]LZHP SU]\JOıGD‫ג‬D VL̯ RVWUR९Q\P G]LD‫ג‬DQLRP ]D‫ג‬RJL 0DU\QDU]H ]DF]HNDOL ERZLHP QD EH]NVL̯९\FRZı QRF D QDVW̯SQLH ]DSURZDG]LOL &HODHQ̯ L LQQH XFKRG१F]\QLH ] $GDUODQX QD JDOHU̯ NWyUD SU]H޿OL]JQ̯‫ג‬D VL̯ SU]H] WDMHPQH Z\UZ\ Z UDILH NRUDORZHM 5DID VWDQRZL‫ג‬D J‫ג‬yZQ\ V\VWHP ]DEH]SLHF]H‫ئ‬ SU]HG LQZD]Mı OHJLRQyZ $GDUODQX 5R]SUDFRZDQLH JR E\‫ג‬R MHGQ\P ] FHOyZ PLVML &HODHQ\ MDNR .UyOHZVNLHM 2EUR‫ئ‬F]\QL ']LHZF]\QD QLH SU]HVWDZD‫ג‬D P\޿OHɝ R W\P MDN XFKURQLɝ &KDROD RUD] URG]LQ̯ 1HKHPLL SU]HG ޿PLHUFLı ] U̯NL NUyOD :‫ג‬DGFD $GDUODQX SRSU]\VLıJ‫ג‬ ERZLHP ९H XF]\QL WR MH޿OL ]DEyMF]\QL QLH ]GRE̯G]LH WDMQ\FK SODQyZ REURQ\ PRUVNLHM :HQGO\Q RUD] QLH ]DPRUGXMH NUyOD ZUD] ] QDVW̯SFı WURQX SRGF]DV GRURF]QHJR EDOX ] RND]ML SU]HVLOHQLD OHWQLHJR ']LHZF]\QD RGHSFKQ̯‫ג‬D RG VLHELH SRQXUH P\޿OL JG\ ZUD] ] SR]RVWD‫\ג‬PL XFLHNLQLHUNDPL GRWDU‫\ג‬ QD EU]HJ L ]RVWD‫\ג‬ SRVWDZLRQH SU]HG REOLF]HP Z‫ג‬DG] SRUWRZ\FK :LHOH NRELHW QRVL‫ג‬R UDQ\ ]DUyZQR QD FLHOH MDN L QD GXV]\ ,FK RF]\ QDGDO E‫\ג‬V]F]D‫\ג‬ NRV]PDUDPL NWyUH SU]\SDG‫\ג‬ LP Z XG]LDOH Z $GDUODQLH &HODHQLH XGD‫ג‬R VL̯ ]QLNQıɝ SRGF]DV ]DPLHV]DQLD ]ZLı]DQHJR ]H VFKRG]HQLHP QD EU]HJ DOH PLPR WR SU]\F]DL‫ג‬D VL̯ QD GDFKX L RGSURZDG]L‫ג‬D Z]URNLHP XFKRG१F]\QLH ZFKRG]ıFH GR EXG\QNX Z NWyU\P VSRG]LHZD‫\ג‬ VL̯ RWU]\PDɝ QRZH GRP\ RUD] ]DWUXGQLHQLH =DEyMF]\QL ZLHG]LD‫ג‬D ९H XU]̯GQLF\ PRJı MH Sy१QLHM ]DEUDɝ Z RGOXGQH PLHMVFH L ]URELɝ ] QLPL WR FR LP VL̯ ९\ZQLH SRGRED 0RJOL MH VSU]HGDɝ OXE Z LQQ\ VSRVyE VNU]\ZG]Lɝ %\‫\ג‬ W\ONR QLHFKFLDQ\PL SR]EDZLRQ\PL ZV]HONLFK SUDZ XFLHNLQLHUNDPL 1LH PRJ‫\ג‬ VL̯ QLF]HPX VSU]HFLZLɝ &HODHQı QLH NLHURZD‫\ג‬ W\ONR MHM Z‫ג‬DVQH REVHVMH 1HKHPLD QD SHZQR ]RVWD‫ג‬DE\ GR NR‫ئ‬FD DE\ VL̯ SU]HNRQDɝ ९H NRELHWRP QLF VL̯ QLH VWD‫ג‬R =DEyMF]\QL ZLHG]LD‫ג‬D R W\P L Z\UXV]\‫ג‬D Z GURJ̯ GR VWROLF\ GRSLHUR ZWHG\ JG\ QDEUD‫ג‬D WDNLHM SHZQR޿FL 1LH PLD‫ג‬D SRM̯FLD MDN ZSURZDG]Lɝ Z ९\FLH SLHUZV]\ HWDS VZRMHJR SODQX ZL̯F GOD ]DELFLD F]DVX SRVWDQRZL‫ג‬D SRV]XNDɝ VSRVREX QD ZGDUFLH VL̯ GR ]DPNX ']L̯NL WHPX PR९H SU]HVWDQLH P\޿OHɝ R 1HKHPLL« 1D UD]LH V]‫ג‬R MHM QLH१OH 8NU\ZDMıF VL̯ Z QLHZLHONLFK ODVDFK L VWRGR‫ג‬DFK SU]HP\ND‫ג‬D QLF]\P FLH‫ئ‬ SU]H] ZLHMVNLH WHUHQ\

7\WX‫ג‬ RU\JLQD‫ג‬X +HLU RI )LUH 7H[W FRS\ULJKW ‹  E\ 6DUDK - 0DDV 0DS FRS\ULJKW ‹  E\ .HOO\ GH *URRW &RYHU LOOXVWUDWLRQ ‹ $OH[ 7DLQL &RS\ULJKW IRU WKH 3ROLVK HGLWLRQ ‹ E\ *UXSD :\GDZQLF]D )RNVDO 00;9 &RS\ULJKW ‹ IRU WKH 3ROLVK WUDQVODWLRQ E\ 0DUFLQ 0RUWND :DUV]DZD 00;9 :\GDQLH , :DUV]DZD 00;9

G]LZQHJR ९H VL̯ Z޿FLHN‫ג‬ JG\ ZUHV]FLH ]‫ג‬DSD‫ג‬ RGGHFK :޿FLHN‫ג‬ VL̯" 0D‫ג‬R SRZLHG]LDQH &HODHQD RGVXQ̯‫ג‬D G‫ג‬R‫ئ‬ RG XVW L SU]H] FKZLO̯ SU]\JOıGD‫ג‬D VL̯ VWUD९\ 1LH SU]\MPRZDOL ‫ג‬DSyZHN RG NXSFyZ QLNRJR QLH VWUDV]\OL JU]\ZQDPL QDG QLNLP VL̯ QLH ]Q̯FDOL MDN LFK NROHG]\ ] 5LIWKROG .D९G\ XU]̯GQLN F]\ ९R‫ג‬QLHU] NWyUHJR WX ZLG]LD‫ג‬D Z\GDZD‫ג‬ VL̯ WDNL« GREU\ 5yZQLH GREU\ MDN *DODQ $VKU\YHU QDVW̯SFD WURQX :HQGO\Q 5R]GUD९QLRQD &HODHQD SRND]D‫ג‬D M̯]\N VWUD९QLNRP U\QNRZL MDVWU]̯ELRZL QD SREOLVNLP NRPLQLH ]DPNRZL L PLHV]NDMıFHPX Z QLP NVL̯FLX ইD‫ג‬RZD‫ג‬D ९H WDN V]\ENR VNR‫ئ‬F]\‫ג‬R MHM VL̯ ZLQR 6SRVyE QD ZNUDGQL̯FLH VL̯ GR ]DPNX RGNU\‫ג‬D G]LHVL̯ɝ GQL WHPX 7U]\ GQL SR SU]\E\FLX GR 9DUHVH 7\G]LH‫ئ‬ RG RZHJR RNURSQHJR GQLD NLHG\ WR ZV]\VWNLH MHM SODQ\ OHJ‫\ג‬ Z JUX]DFK 2ZLRQı‫ג‬ Mı R९\ZF]\ ZLDWU QLRVıF\ DURPDW SU]\SUDZ ]QDG VWUDJDQyZ VWRMıF\FK Z]G‫ג‬X९ VıVLHGQLHM XOLF\ 5R]SR]QD‫ג‬D W\PLDQHN JD‫ג‬N̯ PXV]NDWR‫ג‬RZı L NPLQHN :FLıJQ̯‫ג‬D SRZLHWU]H J‫̯ג‬ERNR Z S‫ג‬XFD FKFıF E\ UR]MD޿QL‫ג‬R MHM Z J‫ג‬RZLH = MHGQHJR ] RNROLF]Q\FK JyUVNLFK PLDVW SU]\S‫\ג‬Q̯‫ג‬R HFKR G]ZRQyZ D JG]LH޿ QD SODFX JUXSD PLQVWUHOL ]DF]̯‫ג‬D JUDɝ ZHVR‫ג‬ı PHORGL̯ 1HKHPLL EDUG]R E\ VL̯ WX SRGRED‫ג‬R ߘZLDW QLHVSRG]LHZDQLH ]DG\JRWD‫ג‬ L ]QLN‫ג‬ Z J‫̯ג‬EL NWyUD Z\URV‫ג‬D Z VHUFX G]LHZF]\Q\ 1HKHPLD QLJG\ QLH XMU]\ :HQGO\Q 1LJG\ QLH XV‫\ג‬V]\ JyUVNLFK G]ZRQyZ DQL QLH E̯G]LH VSDFHURZDɝ SR WDUJX SU]\SUDZ &HODHQLH ]UREL‫ג‬R VL̯ FL̯९NR QD VHUFX :\GDZD‫ג‬R MHM VL̯ ९H X‫ג‬R९\‫ג‬D ޿ZLHWQ\ SODQ 6S̯G]L‫ג‬D ZLHOH F]DVX QD UR]JU\]DQLX IRUW\ILNDFML ]DPNRZ\FK L Z\P\޿ODQLX VSRVREX QD GRWDUFLH GR 0DHYH RG NWyUHM PLD‫ג‬D Z\GRE\ɝ SUDZG̯ R .OXF]DFK :V]\VWNR XN‫ג‬DGD‫ג‬R VL̯ LGHDOQLH D९ GR WHJR SU]HNO̯WHJR SU]H] ERJyZ GQLD JG\ X޿ZLDGRPL‫ג‬D VRELH ९H VWUD९ FRG]LHQQLH R GUXJLHM SR SR‫ג‬XGQLX ]RVWDZLD OXN̯ Z SR‫ג‬XGQLRZ\P RGFLQNX V\VWHPX REURQQHJR 3R]QD‫ג‬D ZyZF]DV V\VWHP RWZLHUDQLD EUDP L ZNUyWFH ]DNUDG‫ג‬D VL̯ QD GDFK NDPLHQLF\ MDNLHJR޿ DU\VWRNUDW\ DE\ REVHUZRZDɝ Z\MD]G *DODQD $VKU\YHUD =REDF]\‫ג‬D MHJR ROLZNRZı VNyU̯ L FLHPQH Z‫ג‬RV\ GRVWU]HJ‫ג‬D QDZHW WXUNXVRZH RF]\ LGHQW\F]QH MDN MHM SU]H] FR QD XOLFDFK QRVL‫ג‬D NDSWXU DOH NUHZ Z ९\‫ג‬DFK ]PUR]L‫\ג‬ MHM GRSLHUR ZLZDW\ OXG]L :LWDOL MHJR VZHJR NVL̯FLD $GRURZDOL JR XZLHOELDOL MHJR ޿PLD‫\ג‬ X޿PLHFK L OHNNı ]EURM̯ E‫\ג‬V]F]ıFı Z QLHNR‫ئ‬F]ıF\P VL̯ V‫ג‬R‫ئ‬FX .U]\F]HOL ] UDGR޿FLı JG\ Z\MH९G९D‫ג‬ QD F]HOH RGG]LD‫ג‬X QD Sy‫ג‬QRFQH Z\EU]H९H E\ NRQW\QXRZDɝ ‫ג‬DPDQLH EORNDG\ ‫ױ‬DPDQLH EORNDG\« .VLı९̯ ² Z\]QDF]RQ\ MHM FHO ² ‫ג‬DPD‫ג‬ EORNDG̯ QD‫ג‬R९RQı SU]H] $GDUODQ D OXG]LH Z\V‫ג‬DZLDOL JR L XZLHOELDOL 3U]HVNDNXMıF ] GDFKX QD GDFK ޿OHG]L‫ג‬D QDVW̯SF̯ WURQX L MHJR OXG]L SU]HMH९G९DMıF\FK SU]H] XOLFH PLDVWD :\VWDUF]\‫ג‬DE\ MHGQD VWU]D‫ג‬D SRV‫ג‬DQD PL̯G]\ WH WXUNXVRZH RF]\ L QLJG\ E\ MX९ QLH ZVWD‫ג‬ 1LHPQLHM MHGQDN ZLZDW\ VWDZD‫\ג‬ VL̯ FRUD] J‫ג‬R޿QLHMV]H D OXG]LH U]XFDOL NZLDW\ SURPLHQLHMıF GXPı ]H VZHJR LGHDOQHJR ZVSDQLD‫ג‬HJR NVL̯FLD«

&HODHQD GRWDU‫ג‬D GR EUDP Z FKZLOL JG\ MH RWZLHUDQR DE\ Z\SX޿FLɝ RGG]LD‫ג‬ *DODQ $VKU\YHU Z\MH९G९D‫ג‬ DE\ ]GRE\ZDɝ FKZD‫̯ג‬ L ZDOF]\ɝ R GREUR RUD] ZROQR޿ɝ VZHJR NUyOHVWZD ']LHZF]\QD VWD‫ג‬D QD GDFKX GRSyW\ GRSyNL QDVW̯SFD WURQX QLH VWD‫ג‬ VL̯ MHG\QLH SODPNı QD KRU\]RQFLH 3RWHP ZHV]‫ג‬D GR QDMEOL९V]HM WDZHUQ\ L ZV]F]̯‫ג‬D QDMNUZDZV]ı ELMDW\N̯ Z VZRLP ९\FLX =QLN‫ג‬D QD VHNXQG̯ SU]HG SRMDZLHQLHP VL̯ VWUD९\ PLHMVNLHM &KZLO̯ Sy१QLHM Z\FLHUDMıF QRV Z EUXGQı RG NUZL NRV]XO̯ L SOXMıF NUZLı QD EUXN X]QD‫ג‬D ९H QLH PD ]DPLDUX NLZQıɝ SDOFHP Z ९DGQHM VSUDZLH -HM SODQ\ E\‫\ג‬ QLF QLHZDUWH *DODQ L 1HKHPLD SRZLHGOLE\ ޿ZLDW NX ZROQR޿FL L ZVSyOQLH ]Z\FL̯९\OLE\ NUyOD $GDUODQX 1HKHPLD MHGQDN९H QLH ९\‫ג‬D D ]‫ג‬R९RQD SU]H] &HODHQ̯ SU]\VL̯JD LGLRW\F]QD L ९D‫ג‬RVQD E\‫ג‬D ZDUWD W\OH FR E‫ג‬RWR QD XOLF\ 6DP *DODQ QLH PLD‫ג‬ V]DQV Z VWDUFLX ] $GDUODQHP FKRɝ PLD‫ג‬ FD‫ג‬ı DUPDG̯ QD VZH UR]ND]\ 6NRUR 1HKHPLD QLH E\‫ג‬D MX९ Z VWDQLH SRZVWU]\PDɝ NUyOD SODQ RGQDOH]LHQLD 0DHYH QLH PLD‫ג‬ VHQVX 1D V]F]̯޿FLH ]DEyMF]\QL QLH QDWNQ̯‫ג‬D VL̯ MHV]F]H QD ९DGQı ] LVWRW )DH L QLJG]LH QLH VSRVWU]HJ‫ג‬D QDZHW SRE‫\ג‬VNX PDJLL &LHV]\‫ג‬R Mı WR JG\९ UREL‫ג‬D FR Z MHM PRF\ DE\ WHJR XQLNQıɝ -HV]F]H SU]HG XMU]HQLHP *DODQD WU]\PD‫ג‬D VL̯ ] GDOD RG VWUDJDQyZ QD NWyU\FK VSU]HGDZDQR ZV]\VWNR RG E‫\ג‬VNRWHN SR HOLNVLU\ L U\QNyZ QD NWyU\FK Z\VW̯SRZDOL XOLF]QL DUW\޿FL L KDQGORZDOL U]HPLH޿OQLF\ 6]\ENR GRZLHG]LD‫ג‬D VL̯ Z NWyU\FK WDZHUQDFK VSRW\NDMı VL̯ F]DURG]LHMH L RPLMD‫ג‬D MH V]HURNLP ‫ג‬XNLHP &]\QL‫ג‬D WR GODWHJR ९H F]DVDPL JG\ ]QDOD]‫ג‬D VL̯ Z ]DVL̯JX F]\MHM޿ PRF\ EXG]L‫ג‬D VL̯ Z QLHM PURZLıFD ZLMıFD VL̯ LVWRWD 0LQı‫ג‬ W\G]LH‫ئ‬ RG FKZLOL JG\ SRU]XFL‫ג‬D VZyM SODQ L SU]HVWD‫ג‬R MHM QD F]\PNROZLHN ]DOH९Hɝ 3RGHMU]HZD‫ג‬D ९H XS‫\ג‬QLH ZLHOH F]DVX QLP X]QD ९H QDSUDZG̯ PD GR޿ɝ VPDNX WHJJ\D ZV]F]\QDQLD EyMHN FR ZLHF]yU L SLFLD NZD޿QHJR ZLQD QD GDFKDFK 0LD‫ג‬D Z\VFKQL̯WH JDUG‫ג‬R D Z EU]XFKX MHM EXUF]D‫ג‬R =VXQ̯‫ג‬D VL̯ ] GDFKX SRZROL L RVWUR९QLH E\QDMPQLHM QLH ]H Z]JO̯GX QD F]XMQ\FK VWUD९QLNyZ DOH GODWHJR ९H NU̯FL‫ג‬R MHM VL̯ Z J‫ג‬RZLH &]X‫ג‬D ९H QLH१OH E\ VL̯ SRRELMD‫ג‬D JG\E\ SUyERZD‫ג‬D ]HVNRF]\ɝ = QLHFK̯FLı VSRMU]D‫ג‬D QD ZıVNı EOL]Q̯ QD G‫ג‬RQL %\‫ג‬D WR Q̯G]QD SDPLıWND ९D‫ג‬RVQHM SU]\VL̯JL NWyUı ]‫ג‬R९\‫ג‬D QDG ]DPDU]QL̯W\P JUREHP 1HKHPLL MDNL޿ PLHVLıF WHPX D WDN९H SDPLıWND ZV]\VWNLFK LQQ\FK U]HF]\ NWyUH MHM QLH Z\V]‫\ג‬ L RVyE NWyUH ]DZLRG‫ג‬D :FLı९ PLD‫ג‬D SLHU޿FLH‫ئ‬ ] DPHW\VWHP RWU]\PDQ\ RG &KDROD &R QRF JUD‫ג‬D R QLHJR WUDFL‫ג‬D JR L RG]\VNLZD‫ג‬D SU]HG ZVFKRGHP V‫ג‬R‫ئ‬FD 3RPLPR WHJR FR VL̯ Z\GDU]\‫ג‬R SRPLPR F]̯޿FLRZHJR XG]LD‫ג‬X NDSLWDQD Z ޿PLHUFL 1HKHPLL SRPLPR SU]HUZDQLD WHJR FR E\‫ג‬R PL̯G]\ QLPL QLH SRWUDIL‫ג‬D SR]E\ɝ VL̯ SDPLıWNL 7U]\NURWQLH SU]HJUD‫ג‬D SLHU޿FLH‫ئ‬ Z NDUW\ DOH RG]\VNLZD‫ג‬D JR ]D ND९G\P UD]HP QLH SU]HELHUDMıF Z ޿URGNDFK 6]W\OHW ZELW\ PL̯G]\ ९HEUD ]D]Z\F]DM RND]\ZD‫ג‬ VL̯ R ZLHOH EDUG]LHM SU]HNRQXMıF\ QL९ W\VLıFH V‫ג‬yZ -DNLP޿ FXGHP &HODHQLH XGD‫ג‬R VL̯ ]OH१ɝ QD XOLF̯ JG]LH QDW\FKPLDVW R޿OHSL‫\ג‬ Mı FLHQLH 2SDU‫ג‬D VL̯ R FK‫ג‬RGQ\ NDPLHQQ\ PXU L F]HND‫ג‬D D९ MHM Z]URN SU]\]Z\F]DL VL̯ D Z J‫ג‬RZLH

SU]HVWDQLH ZLURZDɝ $OH९ VL̯ VWRF]\‫ג‬D« -DN G‫ג‬XJR SRWUZD ]DQLP ]QDMG]LH VL̯ QD VDP\P GQLH" 1DMSLHUZ SRF]X‫ג‬D VPUyG REFHM NRELHW\ D GRSLHUR SRWHP ]REDF]\‫ג‬D MHM ZLHONLH SR९y‫ג‬N‫ג‬H RF]\ L ]HVFKQL̯WH UR]FK\ORQH ZDUJL ² :RQ NRFPR‫ג‬XFKX 1LH FKFLD‫ג‬DE\P ]QDOH१ɝ VL̯ Z WZRMHM VNyU]H MDN FL̯ MHV]F]H UD] GRUZ̯ SU]HG PRLPL GU]ZLDPL &HODHQD FRIQ̯‫ג‬D VL̯ PUXJDMıF RF]DPL 2ZH GU]ZL E\‫\ג‬ ]DOHGZLH G]LXUı Z ޿FLDQLH Z\SH‫ג‬QLRQı QDMUR]PDLWV]\PL RGSDGNDPL L ZRUNDPL ] GRE\WNLHP .RELHWD ]D޿ RND]D‫ג‬D VL̯ ]JDUELRQı VWDUXV]Nı ] W‫ג‬XVW\PL Z‫ג‬RVDPL L ]HSVXW\PL ]̯EDPL ']LHZF]\QD ]DPUXJD‫ג‬D L REUD] VWD‫ג‬ VL̯ Z\UD१QLHMV]\ 6WDUXV]ND E\‫ג‬D UR]MXV]RQD QD ZSy‫ג‬ V]DORQD L EUXGQD =DEyMF]\QL XQLRV‫ג‬D G‫ג‬RQLH L FRIQ̯‫ג‬D VL̯ R NLOND NURNyZ ² 3U]HSUDV]DP .RELHWD VSOXQ̯‫ג‬D )OHJPD Z\OıGRZD‫ג‬D QD EUXNX WX९ RERN ]DNXU]RQ\FK EXWyZ G]LHZF]\Q\ &HODHQD QLH PLD‫ג‬D VL‫\ג‬ DE\ Z]EXG]Lɝ Z VRELH REU]\G]HQLH OXE Z޿FLHN‫ג‬R޿ɝ 2GHV]‫ג‬DE\ EH] V‫ג‬RZD JG\E\ QLH WR FR Z‫ג‬D޿QLH XMU]D‫ג‬D $ SDWU]\‫ג‬D QD VZRMH XEUDQLH EUXGQH SRSODPLRQH L SRGDUWH &XFKQ̯‫ג‬D VWUDV]OLZLH D RZD ९\MıFD QD XOLF\ VWDUXFKD Z‫ג‬D޿QLH X]QD‫ג‬D ९H MHVW NLP޿ WDNLP MDN RQD VDPD LQQı ९HEUDF]Nı ZDOF]ıFı R PLHMVFH &y९ &]\९ WR QLH ZVSDQLD‫ג‬H" &K\ED Z‫ג‬D޿QLH VL̯JQ̯‫ג‬D GQD 3HZQLH NWyUHJR޿ GQLD E̯G]LH VL̯ ] WHJR ޿PLDɝ R LOH ]GR‫ג‬D ]DSDPL̯WDɝ WHQ LQF\GHQW =UHV]Wı QLH PRJ‫ג‬D VRELH SU]\SRPQLHɝ NLHG\ ޿PLD‫ג‬D VL̯ SR UD] RVWDWQL 3U]\QDMPQLHM PRJ‫ג‬D WHUD] SRFLHV]\ɝ VL̯ W\P ९H JRU]HM MX९ QLH E̯G]LH :WHG\ XV‫\ג‬V]D‫ג‬D MHGQDN QLVNL P̯VNL ޿PLHFK GRELHJDMıF\ ] FLHQL ]D MHM SOHFDPL

 0̯९F]\]QD E\‫ג‬ )DH 3R G]LHVL̯FLX ODWDFK HJ]HNXFML VSDOH‫ئ‬ L SU]H޿ODGRZD‫ئ‬ &HODHQD SDWU]\‫ג‬D QD P̯९F]\]Q̯ )DH LGıFHJR Z MHM NLHUXQNX )DH F]\VWHM NUZL =QDOD]‫ג‬ VL̯ WDN EOLVNR ९H R XFLHF]FH QLH E\‫ג‬R PRZ\ ইHEUDF]ND L SR]RVWDOL OXG]LH QD XOLF\ ]DPLONOL =DSDG‫ג‬D FLV]D WDN J‫̯ג‬ERND ९H V‫\ג‬FKDɝ E\‫ג‬R G]ZRQ\ ELMıFH Z RGOHJ‫\ג‬FK JyUDFK 1LH]QDMRP\ E\‫ג‬ Z\VRNLP EDUF]\VW\P PXVNXODUQ\P P̯९F]\Qı NWyU\ D९ HPDQRZD‫ג‬ HQHUJLı =DWU]\PD‫ג‬ VL̯ Z VWUXPLHQLX ޿ZLDW‫ג‬D V‫ג‬RQHF]QHJR -HJR VUHEUQH Z‫ג‬RV\ O޿QL‫\ג‬ /HNNR VSLF]DVWH XV]\ L QLHFR SU]HG‫ג‬X९RQH N‫\ג‬ Z\VWDUF]\‫\ג‬E\ DE\ SU]HUD]Lɝ ZV]\VWNLFK Z XOLF]FH ‫ג‬ıF]QLH ]H VNDPOıFı WHUD] V]DORQı ९HEUDF]Nı 6HUFH &HODHQ\ ]PUR]L‫ג‬ MHGQDN WDWXD९ FLıJQıF\ VL̯ Z]G‫ג‬X९ OHZHM VWURQ\ VXURZHM RJRU]D‫ג‬HM RG V‫ג‬R‫ئ‬FD WZDU]\ 6]HUHJ ]QDNyZ PR९QD E\ X]QDɝ ]D RUQDPHQW DOH G]LHZF]\QD SDPL̯WD‫ג‬D M̯]\N )DH QD W\OH E\ ZLHG]LHɝ ९H WR V‫ג‬RZD ]DF]\QDMıFH VL̯ QD Z\VRNR޿FL VNURQL NWyUH VS‫\ג‬ZD‫\ג‬ Z Gy‫ג‬ SR V]F]̯FH RUD] V]\L L QLN‫\ג‬ ]D SR‫ג‬ı MDVQHJR NDIWDQD =DEyMF]\QL PLD‫ג‬D SU]HF]XFLH ९H WDWXD९H FLıJQı VL̯ SR FD‫\ג‬P FLHOH QLH]QDMRPHJR D MHJR VWUyM NU\MH ZLHOH V]WXN EURQL 6L̯JDMıF SR V]W\OHW VFKRZDQ\ SRG S‫ג‬DV]F]HP SRP\޿OD‫ג‬D ९H )DH PyJ‫ג‬E\ XFKRG]Lɝ ]D SU]\VWRMQHJR JG\E\ Z MHJR ]LHORQ\FK RF]DFK QLH NU\‫ג‬D VL̯ DJUHVMD 1D]ZDQLH JR P‫ג‬RG]LH‫ئ‬FHP E\‫ג‬RE\ E‫̯ג‬GHP =OHNFHZD९HQLH JR E\‫ג‬RE\ MHV]F]H ZL̯NV]ı SRP\‫ג‬Nı QDZHW JG\E\ QLH QRVL‫ג‬ PLHF]D SU]\WURF]RQHJR GR SOHFyZ L SDVNXGQLH Z\JOıGDMıF\FK QR९\ SU]\ SDVLH 3RUXV]D‫ג‬ VL̯ ]H ޿PLHUFLRQR޿Qı JUDFMı L UR]JOıGD‫ג‬ VL̯ MDNE\ Z‫ג‬D޿QLH ZNURF]\‫ג‬ QD DUHQ̯ 5̯NRMH޿ɝ V]W\OHWX E\‫ג‬D FLHS‫ג‬D &HODHQD SU]\EUD‫ג‬D RGSRZLHGQLı SR]\FM̯ ] ]DVNRF]HQLHP ‫ג‬DSLıF VL̯ QD W\P ९H RGF]XZD O̯N 'REU]H SU]\QDMPQLHM ९H VWUDFK REXG]L‫ג‬ Z QLHM ]P\V‫\ג‬ X޿SLRQH RG WU]HFK W\JRGQL :RMRZQLN )DH V]HG‫ג‬ SRZROL XOLFı -HJR VNyU]DQH VL̯JDMıFH NRODQ EXW\ QLH Z\GDZD‫\ג‬ ९DGQ\FK G१ZL̯NyZ 8OLF]QLF\ L ९HEUDF\ FRIDOL VL̯ Z FLH‫ئ‬ XP\NDOL NX ]DODQ\P V‫ג‬R‫ئ‬FHP XOLFRP OXE FKRZDOL VL̯ JG]LH SRSDGQLH 5RELOL ZV]\VWNR E\ ]HM޿ɝ PX ] GURJL &HODHQD RG UD]X ZLHG]LD‫ג‬D ९H SU]\V]HG‫ג‬ WX SR QLı :LHG]LD‫ג‬D WH९ NWR JR SU]\V‫ג‬D‫ג‬ 6L̯JQ̯‫ג‬D SR 2NR L ] SU]HUD९HQLHP RGNU\‫ג‬D ९H MX९ JR QLH PD 2GGD‫ג‬D DPXOHW &KDRORZL JG\९ E\‫ג‬ WR MHG\Q\ VSRVyE Z MDNL PRJ‫ג‬D ]DSHZQLɝ PX RFKURQ̯ 3HZQLH JR Z\U]XFL‫ג‬ ]DUD] SR W\P MDN X]P\V‫ג‬RZL‫ג‬ VRELH SUDZG̯ L PyJ‫ג‬ WHUD] EH] Z\U]XWyZ VXPLHQLD RJ‫ג‬RVLɝ VL̯ MHM ZURJLHP $ PR९H SRZLHG]LD‫ג‬ R ZV]\VWNLP 'RULDQRZL ,QVW\QNW SRGV]HSW\ZD‫ג‬ &HODHQLH E\ ZVNRF]\‫ג‬D QD GDFK SR U\QQLH DOH SU]\SRPQLD‫ג‬D VRELH

R VZRLP SRU]XFRQ\P SODQLH &]\९E\ NWyU\޿ ] ERJyZ ]OLWRZD‫ג‬ VL̯ L U]XFL‫ג‬ MHM NR޿ɝ QD ]DFK̯W̯" 0XVLD‫ג‬D VL̯ SU]HFLH९ VSRWNDɝ ] 0DHYH D PLD‫ג‬D SU]HG VREı MHGQHJR ] HOLW\ MHM ZRMRZQLNyZ 1LH]QDMRP\ E\‫ג‬ JRWyZ GR ZDONL DOH HPDQXMıFD ] QLHJR VLOQD DXUD ZVND]\ZD‫ג‬D ९H QLH MHVW ] WHJR GR NR‫ئ‬FD ]DGRZRORQ\ 1D XOLF]FH SDQRZD‫ג‬D FLV]D MDN QD FPHQWDU]X )DH WDNVRZD‫ג‬ Mı Z]URNLHP -HJR QR]GU]D SRUXV]D‫\ג‬ VL̯ GHOLNDWQLH MDN JG\E\« -DN JG\E\ SUyERZD‫ג‬ SRFKZ\FLɝ MHM ]DSDFK &HODHQD SU]\SRPQLD‫ג‬D VRELH ]H ]‫ג‬R޿OLZı VDW\VIDNFMı ९H RNURSQLH ޿PLHUG]L DOH SR FKZLOL GRV]‫ג‬D GR ZQLRVNX ९H REFHPX QLH ]DOH९D‫ג‬R QD ]DSDFKX MHM FLD‫ג‬D 1LH RQ SUyERZD‫ג‬ RGNU\ɝ MHM Z‫ג‬D޿FLZ\ ]DSDFK ZVND]XMıF\ QD MHM UyG L SRFKRG]HQLH *G\E\ Z\SRZLHG]LD‫ג‬ MHM LPL̯ QD J‫ג‬RV SU]HG W\PL OXG१PL« &y९ &HODHQD QLH PLD‫ג‬D ZıWSOLZR޿FL ९H *DODQ $VKU\YHU SRVSLHV]QLH SRZUyFL‫ג‬E\ GR GRPX L QDND]D‫ג‬E\ VWUD९RP ]DFKRZDɝ V]F]HJyOQı RVWUR९QR޿ɝ D SU]HFLH९ QLH R WR MHM FKRG]L‫ג‬R 7\PF]DVHP yZ GUD‫ئ‬ Z\JOıGD‫ג‬ QD WDNLHJR NWyU\ FK̯WQLH E\ WDN XF]\QL‫ג‬ FKRɝE\ SR WR E\ XGRZRGQLɝ ९H WR RQ SDQXMH QDG V\WXDFMı ']LHZF]\QD VNRQFHQWURZD‫ג‬D VL̯ ZL̯F ]HEUD‫ג‬D ZV]\VWNLH VL‫\ג‬ L SRGHV]‫ג‬D RVWUR९QLH GR QLHJR SUyEXMıF VRELH SU]\SRPQLHɝ MDN ]DFKRZD‫ג‬DE\ VL̯ Z WHM V\WXDFML NLOND PLHVL̯F\ WHPX ]DQLP MHM ޿ZLDW UXQı‫ג‬ ² 0L‫ג‬H VSRWNDQLH SU]\MDFLHOX ² SU\FKQ̯‫ג‬D QLF]\P NRWND ² : LVWRFLH PL‫ג‬H 1LH ]ZD९D‫ג‬D QD V]RN QD WZDU]DFK JDSLyZ 6NXSL‫ג‬D VL̯ W\ONR QD RFHQLDQLX PR९OLZR޿FL SU]HFLZQLND 7UZD‫ג‬ QDSU]HFLZNR QLHM QLHUXFKRPR ]H VSRNRMHP NWyU\ QRVLOL Z VRELH Z\‫ג‬ıF]QLH QLH޿PLHUWHOQL &HODHQD XVSRNRL‫ג‬D ELFLH VHUFD L Z\FLV]\‫ג‬D RGGHFK :RMRZQLN ]DSHZQH V‫\ג‬V]D‫ג‬ MHGQR L GUXJLH D GR WHJR XPLD‫ג‬ Z\F]Xɝ ZV]\VWNLH MHM HPRFMH 1LJG\ Z ९\FLX QLH ]GR‫ג‬D‫ג‬DE\ JR ]P\OLɝ EUDZXUı ,VWRW̯ NWyUD FKRG]L‫ג‬D SR ]LHPL RG ZLHOX ZLHNyZ WUXGQR E\‫ג‬R F]\PNROZLHN ]DVNRF]\ɝ 2 SRNRQDQLX MHM UyZQLH९ QLH PLD‫ג‬D FR PDU]\ɝ %\‫ג‬D &HODHQı 6DUGRWKLHQ DOH WHUD] PLD‫ג‬D QDSU]HFLZNR VLHELH GR޿ZLDGF]RQHJR ZRMRZQLND )DH =DWU]\PD‫ג‬D VL̯ ZL̯F Z RGOHJ‫ג‬R޿FL GZyFK PHWUyZ RG QLHJR 1D ERJyZ DOH९ E\‫ג‬ SRW̯९Q\ ² &y९ ]D PL‫ג‬D QLHVSRG]LDQND ² SRZLHG]LD‫ג‬D J‫ג‬R޿QR E\ ZV]\VF\ Mı XV‫\ג‬V]HOL .LHG\ SR UD] RVWDWQL PyZL‫ג‬D FRNROZLHN ] ९\F]OLZR޿FLı" %D QLH PRJ‫ג‬D VRELH SU]\SRPQLHɝ VZHJR RVWDWQLHJR SH‫ג‬QHJR ]GDQLD ² 6ıG]L‫ג‬DP ९H PDP\ VL̯ VSRWNDɝ SU]\ EUDPLH PLDVWD 1D V]F]̯޿FLH QLH XN‫ג‬RQL‫ג‬ VL̯ MHM -HJR VXURZD WZDU] QDZHW QLH GUJQ̯‫ג‬D 1LHFK VRELH P\޿OL FR FKFH %\‫ג‬D SHZQD ९H MHM Z\JOıG FD‫ג‬NLHP JR ]DVNRF]\‫ג‬ &y९ EH] ZıWSLHQLD Z\EXFK‫ג‬ ޿PLHFKHP JG\ ९HEUDF]ND Z]L̯‫ג‬D Mı ]D MHGQı ]H VZRLFK ² &KRG१P\ ² U]HN‫ג‬ -HJR QLVNL J‫ג‬RV Z NWyU\P ]DEU]PLD‫ג‬D QXGD RGEL‫ג‬ VL̯ HFKHP RG NDPLHQQ\FK ޿FLDQ )DH RGZUyFL‫ג‬ VL̯ L UXV]\‫ג‬ Z VWURQ̯ Z\M޿FLD ] XOLF]NL &HODHQD JRWRZD E\‫ג‬D SRVWDZLɝ ZV]\VWNLH SLHQLıG]H ९H VNyU]DQH NDUZDV]H QD MHJR SU]HGUDPLRQDFK VNU\ZD‫\ג‬ RVWU]D 6]\NRZD‫ג‬D MDNı޿

]‫ג‬R޿OLZı ULSRVW̯ FKRɝE\ SR WR E\ Z\F]Xɝ MHJR QDVWUyM DOH OXG]LH QDGDO SU]\JOıGDOL VL̯ ]DM޿FLX )DH ]D޿ V]HG‫ג‬ SU]HG VLHELH QLH VSRMU]DZV]\ QD QLNRJR 1LH PLD‫ג‬D SRM̯FLD F]\ ]UREL‫ג‬D QD QLP ZUD९HQLH F]\ PR९H F]X‫ג‬ GR QLHM REU]\G]HQLH :\V]‫ג‬D Z ޿ODG ]D ZRMRZQLNLHP QD ]DODQı V‫ג‬R‫ئ‬FHP XOLF̯ L UD]HP UXV]\OL SU]H] W‫ג‬XP 0̯९F]\]QD LJQRURZD‫ג‬ OXG]L NWyU]\ SU]HU\ZDOL SUDF̯ L W‫ג‬RF]\OL VL̯ GRRNR‫ג‬D E\ LP VL̯ SU]\MU]Hɝ 1LH RJOıGDMıF VL̯ QD WRZDU]\V]N̯ SRGV]HG‫ג‬ GR SDU\ ]Z\F]DMQ\FK NRQL XZLı]DQ\FK SU]\ NRU\FLH SU]\ MHGQ\P ] SODFyZ &HODHQLH ]DZV]H VL̯ Z\GDZD‫ג‬R ९H )DH Z\ELHUDOL V]ODFKHWQLHMV]H UXPDNL 3U]\SXV]F]DOQLH ZRMRZQLN SU]\E\‫ג‬ WX QD LQQ\P ZLHU]FKRZFX D QD PLHMVFX QDE\‫ג‬ SR޿OHGQLHMV]H :V]\VF\ )DH G\VSRQRZDOL ]ZLHU]̯Fı IRUPı ']LHZF]\QD DNXUDW ]QDMGRZD‫ג‬D VL̯ Z VZRMHM JG\९ GOD )DH ޿PLHUWHOQ\ F]‫ג‬RZLHN E\‫ג‬ ]ZLHU]̯FLHP Z W\P VDP\P VWRSQLX FR SWDNL NUı९ıFH LP QDG J‫ג‬RZDPL &LHNDZH Z FR RQ PyJ‫ג‬ VL̯ ]PLHQLɝ" 8]QD‫ג‬D ९H SDVXMH GR QLHJR ZLON .DIWDQ )DH VS‫\ג‬ZD‫ג‬ ERZLHP QLF]\P ZLOF]D VLHU޿ɝ D MHJR NURNL E\‫\ג‬ QLHE\ZDOH FLFKH $ PR९H JyUVNL NRW" : MHJR UXFKDFK NU\‫ג‬D VL̯ SU]HFLH९ GUDSLH९QD JUDFMD )DH ZVNRF]\‫ג‬ QD ZL̯NV]ı ] NODF]\ SR]RVWDZLDMıF MHM VURNDWH ]ZLHU]̯ NWyUH Z\GDZD‫ג‬R VL̯ EDUG]LHM ]DLQWHUHVRZDQH ]QDOH]LHQLHP F]HJR޿ GR MHG]HQLD QL९ G‫ג‬X९V]ı Z̯GUyZNı 3U]\QDMPQLHM SDVRZDOL GR VLHELH ']LHZF]\QD QLH RF]HNLZD‫ג‬D ९DGQ\FK Z\MD޿QLH‫ئ‬ :VXQ̯‫ג‬D VZH ]DZLQLıWNR GR MXNyZ L REFLıJQ̯‫ג‬D U̯NDZ\ E\ ]DV‫ג‬DQLD‫\ג‬ ZıVNLH EOL]Q\ QD QDGJDUVWNDFK ² SDPLıWNL SR FL̯९NLFK NDMGDQDFK L SRE\FLH Z NRSDOQL VROL -HM SU]HV]‫ג‬R޿ɝ QLH SRZLQQD QLNRJR LQWHUHVRZDɝ 0DHYH UyZQLH९ ,P PQLHM R QLHM ZLHG]LHOL W\P PQLHM IDNWyZ PRJOL X९\ɝ SU]HFLZNR QLHM ² 3R]QD‫ג‬DP Z ९\FLX SDUX SRQXU\FK SRJUı९RQ\FK Z P\޿ODFK ZRMRZQLNyZ DOH W\ FK\ED SU]HELMDV] LFK ZV]\VWNLFK )DH RGZUyFL‫ג‬ VL̯ NX QLHM D &HODHQD FLıJQ̯‫ג‬D ² 2 MHVWH޿ WX )DMQLH 0\޿O̯ ९H ZLHV] ] NLP PDV] GR F]\QLHQLD D ZL̯F QLH E̯G̯ ]DZUDFDɝ VRELH J‫ג‬RZ\ SU]HGVWDZLDQLHP VL̯ DOH ]DQLP PQLH Z\ZLH]LHV] ERJRZLH ZLHG]ı GRNıG FKFLD‫ג‬DE\P SR]QDɝ WZRMH LPL̯ :RMRZQLN ]DFLVQı‫ג‬ XVWD L UR]HMU]D‫ג‬ VL̯ SR SODF\NX .D९G\ ] JDSLıF\FK VL̯ QD QLFK OXG]L QDW\FKPLDVW ]QDOD]‫ג‬ VRELH FR޿ GR SUDF\ *G\ W‫ג‬XP VL̯ UR]SURV]\‫ג‬ SRZLHG]LD‫ג‬ ² =DXZD९\‫ג‬D޿ MX९ W\OH ९H EH] WUXGX GRMG]LHV] GR WHJR NLP MHVWHP 0yZL‫ג‬ ZVSyOQı PRZı ] VXEWHOQ\P DNFHQWHP *G\E\ &HODHQD E\‫ג‬D Z OHSV]\P QDVWURMX ]DSHZQH X]QD‫ג‬DE\ ९H MHVW PL‫\ג‬ GOD XFKD ² 1R GREUD $OH MDN PDP FL̯ QD]\ZDɝ" ² ']LHZF]\QD ]‫ג‬DSD‫ג‬D ‫̯ג‬N VLRG‫ג‬D DOH QLH ZVNRF]\‫ג‬D QD NODF] ² 5RZDQ

6SLV WUH޿FL 'HG\NDFMD 0DSD &]̯޿ɝ SLHUZV]D ']LHG]LFWZR SRSLR‫ג‬yZ                  

 2G MDNLHJR޿ PLHVLıFD &KDROD SU]H޿ODGRZD‫ג‬ WHQ VDP VHQ 3RMDZLD‫ג‬ VL̯ FR QRF L QLH ]QLND‫ג‬ D९ GR SU]HEXG]HQLD $UFKHU )LQQ M̯F]D‫ג‬ JG\ &HODHQD ZELMD‫ג‬D PX V]W\OHW Z VHUFH ']LHZF]\QD REHMPRZD‫ג‬D SU]\VWRMQHJR NDZDOHUD GR WRZDU]\VWZD QLF]\P NRFKDQND DOH JG\ VSRMU]D‫ג‬D SRQDG MHJR UDPLHQLHP MHM RF]\ E\‫\ג‬ PDUWZH 3XVWH 3RWHP VHQ VL̯ ]PLHQLD‫ג‬ &KDRO QLH PRJıF SRZLHG]LHɝ DQL V‫ג‬RZD DQL SRUXV]\ɝ VL̯ VWD‫ג‬ L SDWU]\‫ג‬ MDN ]‫ג‬RFLVWREUı]RZH Z‫ג‬RV\ $UFKHUD FLHPQLHMı D Z\NU]\ZLRQD JU\PDVHP EyOX WZDU] VWDMH VL̯ REOLF]HP 'RULDQD 1DVW̯SFD WURQX GUJQı‫ג‬ L G]LHZF]\QD SU]\WU]\PD‫ג‬D JR PRFQLHM UD] MHV]F]H REUDFDMıF V]W\OHW Z UDQLH D SRWHP SR]ZROL‫ג‬D 'RULDQRZL RVXQıɝ VL̯ QD V]DUH NDPLHQLH SRG]LHPQHJR NRU\WDU]D .UHZ ]ELHUD‫ג‬D VL̯ V]\ENR ]D V]\ENR OHF] &KDRO QDGDO QLH PyJ‫ג‬ VL̯ SRUXV]\ɝ 1LH PyJ‫ג‬ SRGHM޿ɝ DQL GR SU]\MDFLHOD DQL GR NRELHW\ NWyUı NRFKD‫ג‬ 3RMDZLD‫\ג‬ VL̯ NROHMQH UDQ\ S‫\ג‬Q̯‫ג‬D NUHZ FRUD] ZL̯FHM NUZL =QD‫ג‬ WH REUD९HQLD 1LJG\ QLH ZLG]LD‫ג‬ FLD‫ג‬D DOH F]\WD‫ג‬ UDSRUW\ L ZLHG]LD‫ג‬ FR &HODHQD ]UREL‫ג‬D ] ]DEyMFı R LPLHQLX *UyE :\SDWURV]\‫ג‬D JR Z ]HP޿FLH ]D ]DELFLH 1HKHPLL ']LHZF]\QD RSX޿FL‫ג‬D V]W\OHW .URSOH NUZL ޿FLHND‫\ג‬ GR F]HUZRQHM ND‫ג‬X९\ ZRNy‫ג‬ FLD‫ג‬D 'RULDQD WZRU]ıF V\PHWU\F]QH NU̯JL 2GFK\OL‫ג‬D J‫ג‬RZ̯ RGG\FKDMıF J‫̯ג‬ERNR ZG\FKDMıF ]DSDFK ޿PLHUFL ZFK‫ג‬DQLDMıF Mı Z J‫ג‬ıE VZHM GXV]\ 5R]NRV]RZD‫ג‬D VL̯ ]HPVWı QD ZURJX QD VZ\P SUDZG]LZ\P ZURJX QD ,PSHULXP +DYLOOLDUGyZ 6HQ ]QRZX VL̯ ]PLHQL‫ג‬ 7\P UD]HP WR &KDRO OH९D‫ג‬ D &HODHQD ZL‫ג‬D VL̯ QDG QLP *‫ג‬RZ̯ PLD‫ג‬D RGU]XFRQı GR W\‫ג‬X D QD ]EU\]JDQHM NUZLı WZDU]\ ZLGQLD‫ג‬D WD VDPD HNVWD]D :UyJ 8NRFKDQD .UyORZD :VSRPQLHQLH VQX XPNQ̯‫ג‬R JG\ &KDRO ]DPUXJD‫ג‬ RF]DPL L VSRMU]D‫ג‬ QD 'RULDQD NWyU\ VLHG]LD‫ג‬ RERN QLHJR SU]\ LFK VWDU\P VWROH Z :LHONLHM 6DOL -DGDOQHM &]HND‫ג‬ QD MHJR RGSRZLHG१ :HVWIDOO X޿PLHFKQı‫ג‬ VL̯ GR QLHJR SU]HSUDV]DMıFR DOH NVLı९̯ QLH RGSRZLHG]LD‫ג‬ W\P VDP\P ² 0\޿OD‫ג‬H޿ R QLHM" ² VS\WD‫ג‬ FLFKR =DS\WDQ\ Z]Lı‫ג‬ GR XVW N̯V SRWUDZNL ] MDJQL̯FLQ\ DOH QLH F]X‫ג‬ MHM VPDNX 'RULDQ E\‫ג‬ ]E\W VSRVWU]HJDZF]\ D &KDRO QLH PLD‫ג‬ RFKRW\ QD UR]PRZ̯ R &HODHQLH DQL ] QLP DQL ] QLNLP LQQ\P 3UDZGD R QLHM PRJ‫ג‬DE\ QDUD]Lɝ QLH W\ONR Mı DOH UyZQLH९ ZLHOX LQQ\FK OXG]L QD ޿PLHUɝ

² 0\޿OD‫ג‬HP R PRLP RMFX ² VN‫ג‬DPD‫ג‬ ² =D NLOND W\JRGQL ZUDFD GR $QLHOOH 0DP XGDɝ VL̯ ] QLP %\‫ג‬D WR FHQD ]D Z\V‫ג‬DQLH &HODHQ\ GR EH]SLHF]QHJR :HQGO\Q 2MFLHF ]GHF\GRZD‫ג‬ VL̯ SRSU]Hɝ MHJR SRP\V‫ג‬ MH޿OL &KDRO SRMHG]LH QDG 6UHEUQH -H]LRUR L SRZUyFL GR JRGQR޿FL G]LHG]LFD $QLHOOH 3U]\Mı‫ג‬ W̯ SURSR]\FM̯ %\‫ג‬E\ ]UHV]Wı JRWyZ QD ND९Gı PR९OLZı RILDU̯ E\OHE\ W\ONR G]LHZF]\QD L MHM WDMHPQLFH E\‫\ג‬ EH]SLHF]QH QDZHW WHUD] JG\ ZLHG]LD‫ג‬ NLP D UDF]HM F]\P E\‫ג‬D QDSUDZG̯ 1DZHW SR W\P MDN SRZLHG]LD‫ג‬D PX R NUyOX RUD] .OXF]DFK :\UGD -H޿OL WDNı FHQ̯ PLD‫ג‬ ]DS‫ג‬DFLɝ JRG]L‫ג‬ VL̯ QD WR EH] VSU]HFLZX 'RULDQ ]HUNQı‫ג‬ Z VWURQ̯ QDMZL̯NV]HJR VWR‫ג‬X ]D NWyU\P SRVLODOL VL̯ NUyO RUD] RMFLHF &KDROD -DNR QDVW̯SFD WURQX SRZLQLHQ VLHG]LHɝ ZUD] ] QLPL DOH ZROD‫ג‬ GR‫ג‬ıF]\ɝ GR SU]\MDFLHOD =UREL‫ג‬ WR SR UD] SLHUZV]\ RG GDZQD ² SR UD] SLHUZV]\ RG WUXGQHM QHUZRZHM UR]PRZ\ NWyUD PLD‫ג‬D PLHMVFH SR SRGM̯FLX GHF\]ML R Z\V‫ג‬DQLX &HODHQ\ GR :HQGO\Q .VLı९̯ ]UR]XPLD‫ג‬E\ ZV]\VWNR JG\E\ SR]QD‫ג‬ SUDZG̯ DOH QLH PyJ‫ג‬ VL̯ GRZLHG]LHɝ NLP L F]\P E\‫ג‬D ]DEyMF]\QL RUD] FR QDSUDZG̯ ]DPLHU]D‫ג‬ NUyO ,VWQLD‫ג‬R ]E\W ZLHONLH U\]\NR D VHNUHW\ VDPHJR 'RULDQD E\‫\ג‬ MX९ Z\VWDUF]DMıFR QLHEH]SLHF]QH ² 6‫\ג‬V]D‫ג‬HP R W\P ९H V]\NXMHV] VL̯ GR Z\MD]GX ² U]HN‫ג‬ RVWUR९QLH NVLı९̯ ² 1LH ZLHG]LD‫ג‬HP MHGQDN ९H WH SORWNL Vı SUDZG]LZH &KDRO SRNLZD‫ג‬ J‫ג‬RZı &KFLD‫ג‬ FR޿ SRZLHG]LHɝ SU]\MDFLHORZL DOH QLH PLD‫ג‬ SRM̯FLD FR 1LJG\ QLH UR]PDZLDOL R ]GDU]HQLDFK NWyUH PLD‫\ג‬ PLHMVFH Z WXQHODFK RZHM SDPL̯WQHM QRF\ .DSLWDQ QLH FKFLD‫ג‬ UR]PDZLDɝ R W\P ९H 'RULDQ Z‫ג‬DGD PDJLı *G\E\ NUyO SRVWDQRZL‫ג‬ JR SU]HV‫ג‬XFKDɝ PLD‫ג‬ QDG]LHM̯ ९H XGD PX VL̯ MDNR޿ Z\WU]\PDɝ WRUWXU\ L QLH ]GUDG]Lɝ WDMHPQLF\ :LHG]LD‫ג‬ SRQDGWR ९H Z‫ג‬DGFD G\VSRQXMH R ZLHOH PURF]QLHMV]\PL PHWRGDPL Z\GRE\ZDQLD LQIRUPDFML QL९ WRUWXU\ 1LH S\WD‫ג‬ ZL̯F R QLF L QLH U]HN‫ג‬ DQL V‫ג‬RZD 'RULDQ UyZQLH९ PLOF]D‫ג‬ :HVWIDOO VSRMU]D‫ג‬ QD NVL̯FLD : MHJR VSRMU]HQLX QLH E\‫ג‬R QLF ९\F]OLZHJR DOH 'RULDQ U]HN‫ג‬ ² -D UREL̯ FR PRJ̯ &KDRO 3UyEXM̯ 6WRVXQNL PL̯G]\ QLPL XOHJ‫\ג‬ RFK‫ג‬RG]HQLX SU]H] WR ९H NDSLWDQ QLH RPyZL‫ג‬ ] NVL̯FLHP SRP\V‫ג‬X Z\SUDZLHQLD &HODHQ\ ] $GDUODQX &KDRO ZLHG]LD‫ג‬ ९H QDGX९\‫ג‬ ]DXIDQLD 'RULDQD %\‫ג‬ UyZQLH९ ޿ZLDGRP ९H WR GOD QLHJR SRZyG GR ZVW\GX FKRɝ R W\P NVL̯FLX UyZQLH९ QLH PyJ‫ג‬ SRZLHG]LHɝ ² :LHP ² 3RPLPR WHJR FR VL̯ Z\GDU]\‫ג‬R ZLHU]̯ ९H QLH MHVWH޿P\ ZURJDPL ² 'RULDQ X޿PLHFKQı‫ג‬ VL̯ OHNNR Å=DZV]H E̯G]LHV] PRLP ZURJLHP µ ² Z\ZU]HV]F]D‫ג‬D &HODHQD WHM QRF\ JG\ ]JLQ̯‫ג‬D 1HKHPLD : MHM NU]\NX SREU]PLHZD‫ג‬R G]LHVL̯ɝ ODW W‫ג‬XPLRQHM QLHQDZL޿FL 3U]H] G]LHVL̯ɝ ODW VNU\ZD‫ג‬D QDMZL̯NV]\ VHNUHW OXG]NR޿FL ] WDNLP SU]HNRQDQLHP ९H VWD‫ג‬D VL̯ FD‫ג‬NRZLFLH LQQı

RVREı &HODHQD E\‫ג‬D ERZLHP $HOLQ $VKU\YHU *DODWK\QLXV SUDZRZLWı G]LHG]LF]Nı WURQX 7HUUDVHQX = WHJR Z]JO̯GX E\‫ג‬D MHJR ޿PLHUWHOQ\P ZURJLHP = WHJR Z]JO̯GX E\‫ג‬D UyZQLH९ ZURJLHP 'RULDQD &KDRO QDGDO QLH ZLHG]LD‫ג‬ FR ] Wı ZLHG]ı SRF]ıɝ L MDNLH WR PLD‫ג‬R GOD QLFK ]QDF]HQLH :LHG]LD‫ג‬ W\ONR W\OH ९H SU]\V]‫ג‬R޿ɝ NWyUı VRELH NLHG\޿ Z\PDU]\‫ג‬ OHJ‫ג‬D Z JUX]DFK :LG]LD‫ג‬ ޿PLHUɝ Z RF]DFK G]LHZF]\Q\ WHM QRF\ Z WXQHOX ZLG]LD‫ג‬ WRZDU]\V]ıFH MHM JQLHZ Z\F]HUSDQLH L VPXWHN :LG]LD‫ג‬ MHM V]DOH‫ئ‬VWZR SR ޿PLHUFL 1HKHPLL L ZLHG]LD‫ג‬ Z MDNL VSRVyE ]HP޿FL‫ג‬D VL̯ QD *URELH $QL SU]H] PRPHQW QLH ZıWSL‫ג‬ ९H &HODHQD NLHG\޿ PR९H SRQRZQLH VWUDFLɝ SDQRZDQLH QDG VREı 'RVWU]HJD‫ג‬ Z QLHM PLJRWOLZı FLHPQR޿ɝ EH]GHQQH S̯NQL̯FLH SU]HFLQDMıFH MHM GXV]̯ ߘPLHUɝ 1HKHPLL ZVWU]ıVQ̯‫ג‬D QLı GR J‫̯ג‬EL -HJR XG]LD‫ג‬ Z ޿PLHUFL NVL̯९QLF]NL RND]D‫ג‬ VL̯ UyZQLH SRW̯९Q\P ZVWU]ıVHP %\‫ג‬ WHJR ޿ZLDGRP 0RGOL‫ג‬ VL̯ W\ONR DE\ ]GR‫ג‬D‫ג‬D VL̯ MDNR޿ SR]ELHUDɝ =UR]SDF]RQD QLHSU]HZLG\ZDOQD ]DEyMF]\QL WR MHGQR D ]UR]SDF]RQD QLHSU]HZLG\ZDOQD NUyORZD WR FR޿ ]XSH‫ג‬QLH LQQHJR ² :\JOıGDV] MDNE\޿ FKFLD‫ג‬ ]Z\PLRWRZDɝ ² 'RULDQ ZVSDU‫ג‬ UDPLRQD R EODW VWR‫ג‬X ² 3RZLHG] PL FR FL̯ JQ̯EL &KDRO ]QyZ SDWU]\‫ג‬ W̯SR SU]HG VLHELH 3U]H] MHGQR XGHU]HQLH VHUFD FL̯९DU W\FK ZV]\VWNLFK SU]HP\޿OH‫ئ‬ GRNXF]D‫ג‬ PX WDN EDUG]R ९H MX९ RWZRU]\‫ג‬ XVWD DE\ FR޿ SRZLHG]LHɝ DOH QLHVSRG]LHZDQLH ] NRU\WDU]D GRELHJ‫ג‬ ‫ג‬RVNRW PLHF]\ XGHU]DMıF\FK Z VDOXFLH R WDUF]H 'R :LHONLHM 6DOL -DGDOQHM ZV]HG‫ג‬ $HGLRQ $VKU\YHU RZLDQ\ ]‫ג‬ı V‫ג‬DZı JHQHUD‫ג‬ ZRMVN Sy‫ג‬QRFQ\FK NUyOD $GDUODQX L NX]\Q $HOLQ *DODWK\QLXV =DSDG‫ג‬D FLV]D XPLONOL QDZHW NUyO L EDURQ $QLHOOH =DQLP $HGLRQ SRNRQD‫ג‬ SR‫ג‬RZ̯ GURJL &KDRO Z\UyV‫ג‬ SU]\ SRGZ\९V]HQLX ]DMPRZDQ\P SU]H] Z‫ג‬DGF̯ %\QDMPQLHM QLH FKRG]L‫ג‬R R WR ९H P‫ג‬RG\ JHQHUD‫ג‬ VWDQRZL‫ג‬ ]DJUR९HQLH :L̯NV]H QLHEH]SLHF]H‫ئ‬VWZR NU\‫ג‬R VL̯ Z MHJR SR]LH .URF]\‫ג‬ ] JUDFMı X޿PLHFKD‫ג‬ VL̯ GR ZV]\VWNLFK D MHJR ]‫ג‬RFLVWH VL̯JDMıFH UDPLRQ Z‫ג‬RV\ PLHQL‫\ג‬ VL̯ Z EODVNX SRFKRGQL 6‫ג‬RZR ÅSU]\VWRMQ\µ QLH RGGDZD‫ג‬R Z ९DGHQ VSRVyE XURG\ $HGLRQD %DUG]LHM SDVRZD‫ג‬ SU]\PLRWQLN ÅSU]\W‫ג‬DF]DMıF\µ 3ORWNL QLH N‫ג‬DPD‫\ג‬ ² Z\VRNL PXVNXODUQ\ JHQHUD‫ג‬ Z LVWRFLH RND]D‫ג‬ VL̯ WDNLP ZRMRZQLNLHP MDNLHJR VSRG]LHZDQR VL̯ XMU]Hɝ &KRɝ SU]\ZG]LD‫ג‬ XURF]\VW\ VWUyM SRGNUH޿ODMıF\ MHJR IXQNFM̯ &KDRO RG UD]X ]DXZD९\‫ג‬ ९H VNyUD MHJR OHNNLHM ]EURL ]RVWD‫ג‬D GREU]H Z\NRQDQD L SL̯NQLH Z\NR‫ئ‬F]RQD 3U]H] V]HURNı SLHU޿ SU]HZLHVL‫ג‬ VNyU̯ ELD‫ג‬HJR ZLOND D GR SOHFyZ SU]\WURF]\‫ג‬ RNUıJ‫ג‬ı WDUF]̯ RUD] Z\JOıGDMıF\ QD VWDUR९\WQ\ PLHF] /HF] MHJR WZDU] MHJR RF]\« 1D ERJyZ .DSLWDQ SR‫ג‬R९\‫ג‬ G‫ג‬R‫ئ‬ QD U̯NRMH޿FL PLHF]D L QDU]XFL‫ג‬ VZHM WZDU]\ FD‫ג‬NRZLWı RERM̯WQR޿ɝ 8GDZD‫ג‬E\ EUDN ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLD QDZHW JG\E\ :LON 3y‫ג‬QRF\ U]XFL‫ג‬ VL̯ QD QLHJR DE\ JR ]DELɝ $HGLRQ PLD‫ג‬ RF]\ &HODHQ\ 2F]\ $VKU\YHUyZ 2V]D‫ג‬DPLDMıFH WXUNXVRZH RF]\ ] SODPNDPL

]‫ג‬RWD Z ޿URGNX UyZQLH MDVQ\PL MDN MHM Z‫ג‬RV\ $ VDPH Z‫ג‬RV\" 1DZHW RGFLH‫ئ‬ VL̯ ]JDG]D‫ג‬ *G\E\ $HGLRQ QLH PLD‫ג‬ GZXG]LHVWX F]WHUHFK ODW D MHJR VNyUD QLH SRFLHPQLD‫ג‬D SR ODWDFK ZDON Z JyUDFK 7HUUDVHQX PRJOLE\ ZU̯F] XFKRG]Lɝ ]D EOL१QL̯WD 'ODF]HJR Z‫ג‬DGFD ZLHOH ODW WHPX SRVWDQRZL‫ג‬ ]DFKRZDɝ P̯९F]\]Q̯ SU]\ ९\FLX" 'ODF]HJR FKFLD‫ג‬R PX VL̯ Z\V]NROLɝ JR QD MHGQHJR ] QDMOHSV]\FK JHQHUD‫ג‬yZ" $HGLRQ E\‫ג‬ NVL̯FLHP ] URGX $VKU\YHUyZ Z\FKRZDQ\P QD GZRU]H *DODWK\QLXVyZ D PLPR WR V‫ג‬X९\‫ג‬ NUyORZL 1LH SU]HVWDMıF VL̯ X޿PLHFKDɝ SRGV]HG‫ג‬ WHUD] GR VWR‫ג‬X VZRMHJR Z‫ג‬DGF\ L ]‫ג‬R९\‫ג‬ PX XN‫ג‬RQ WDN S‫\ג‬WNL ९H &KDRO QLH PyJ‫ג‬ RWU]ıVQıɝ VL̯ ]H ]GXPLHQLD ² :DV]D :\VRNR޿ɝ ² R]QDMPL‫ג‬ -HJR RF]\ O޿QL‫\ג‬ RV]D‫ג‬DPLDMıFR L NDSLWDQ UR]HMU]D‫ג‬ VL̯ XNUDGNLHP DE\ VSUDZG]Lɝ F]\ NUyO EıG१ NWRNROZLHN LQQ\ GRVWU]HJD SRGRELH‫ئ‬VWZR NWyUH PRJ‫ג‬RE\ VND]Dɝ QLH W\ONR VDPHJR $HGLRQD DOH UyZQLH९ &KDROD 'RULDQD L ZV]\VWNLFK QD NLP PX ]DOH९D‫ג‬R 'RVWU]HJ‫ג‬ MHGQDN९H W\ONR OHNNL SH‫ג‬HQ VDW\VIDNFML X޿PLHFK RMFD .UyO ]PDUV]F]\‫ג‬ EUZL ² 2F]HNLZD‫ג‬HP FL̯ WX MDNL޿ PLHVLıF WHPX $HGLRQ Z]UXV]\‫ג‬ UDPLRQDPL Å&y९ ]D WXSHWµ ² SRP\޿OD‫ג‬ &KDRO ² 3URV]̯ R Z\EDF]HQLH -HOHQLH 5RJL ]RVWD‫\ג‬ RGFL̯WH SU]H] RVWDWQLH ]LPRZH EXU]H :\MHFKDOL޿P\ Z SLHUZV]HM GRJRGQHM FKZLOL :V]\VF\ REHFQL Z]UXV]\OL UDPLRQDPL 7HPSHUDPHQW L EH]F]HOQR޿ɝ $HGLRQD E\‫\ג‬ ZU̯F] OHJHQGDUQH FR PL̯G]\ LQQ\PL ]DGHF\GRZD‫ג‬R R SU]\G]LHOHQLX PX SODFyZNL QD GDOHNLHM Sy‫ג‬QRF\ &KDRO ]DZV]H XZD९D‫ג‬ ९H WU]\PDQLH JR ] GDOHND RG 5LIWKROG WR PıGU\ SRP\V‫ג‬ W\P EDUG]LHM ९H $HGLRQ Z\GDZD‫ג‬ VL̯ GZXOLFRZ\P GUDQLHP D MHJR OHJLRQ ]ZDQ\ =JXEı V‫\ג‬Qı‫ג‬ ] GR޿ZLDGF]HQLD RUD] EUXWDOQR޿FL 3R FR NUyO ZH]ZD‫ג‬ JR GR VWROLF\" :‫ג‬DGFD XQLyV‫ג‬ NLHOLFK L ]DNU̯FL‫ג‬ ZLQHP ² 1LH V‫\ג‬V]D‫ג‬HP E\ WZyM OHJLRQ GRWDU‫ג‬ GR 5LIWKROG ² %R QLH GRWDU‫ג‬ &KDRO SU]\JRWRZD‫ג‬ VL̯ Z GXFKX QD UR]ND] VWUDFHQLD $HGLRQD PRGOıF VL̯ DE\ WR QLH MHPX SU]\SDG‫ג‬R WR ]DGDQLH ² .D]D‫ג‬HP FL SU]\SURZDG]Lɝ WZRLFK ९R‫ג‬QLHU]\ JHQHUDOH ² ]DJU]PLD‫ג‬ NUyO ² $ MD MDN J‫ג‬XSL P\޿OD‫ג‬HP ९H VW̯VNQLOL޿FLH VL̯ ]D PQı SDQLH ² RGSDU‫ג‬ P̯९F]\]QD :‫ג‬DGFD ZDUNQı‫ג‬ J‫ג‬XFKR D ZWHG\ $HGLRQ GRGD‫ג‬ ² %̯Gı WX ]D MDNL޿ W\G]LH‫ئ‬ 1LH FKFLD‫ג‬HP SU]HJDSLɝ DQL FKZLOL ]DEDZ\ ² 3RQRZQLH Z]UXV]\‫ג‬ V]HURNLPL UDPLRQDPL L U]XFL‫ג‬ ² 3U]\QDMPQLHM QLH SU]\MHFKD‫ג‬HP ] SXVW\PL U̯NDPL ² 6WU]HOL‫ג‬ SDOFDPL L SRMDZL‫ג‬ VL̯ JLHUPHN QLRVıF\ VSRUH ]DZLQLıWNR ² 'DU\ ] 3y‫ג‬QRF\ SDQLH :\UD]\ X]QDQLD ] RVWDWQLHJR VSOıGURZDQHJR SU]H] QDV RER]X UHEHOLDQWyZ 6SRGREDMı FL VL̯